DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SMART FACTORY USING INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

This systematic literature review examines the operational and organizational impacts of Industry 4.0 technologies on smart factories, drawing on insights from 120 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024. The study follows the PRISMA guidelines to ensure a transparent and rigorous review process, focusing on the key enablers of smart manufacturing, including cyber-physical systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML). The findings reveal that smart factories offer significant benefits, including enhanced flexibility and customization, predictive maintenance that reduces downtime by up to 50%, and improved supply chain integration through real-time data sharing. Big data analytics plays a crucial role in optimizing operations by allowing factories to perform continuous real-time adjustments, improving efficiency and reducing resource waste. The review also highlights the evolving role of the workforce, with a growing need for technical skills and increased human-machine collaboration in smart manufacturing environments. However, challenges such as interoperability, cybersecurity, and the economic feasibility of large-scale smart factory implementations remain underexplored in the literature. Emerging technologies like blockchain and 5G offer promising solutions, but further research is required to assess their full potential. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of smart factory technologies and outlines key areas for future research, particularly in addressing gaps related to standards, workforce adaptation, and security concerns.