THE ROLE OF DATA ANALYTICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF VACCINATION COVERAGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Abstract

This systematic review investigates the incorporation of sustainability into supplier selection processes within indirect procurement in the engineering sector, focusing on environmental, social, and economic sustainability dimensions. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 150 articles published between 2010 and 2023 were analyzed. Of these, 60% of the studies (90 articles) prioritized environmental sustainability, emphasizing factors such as carbon emissions reduction, energy efficiency, and sustainable resource management as key considerations for supplier evaluation. In contrast, social sustainability—encompassing labor practices, community engagement, and supplier diversity—was only addressed in 30% of the studies (45 articles), indicating that it remains a secondary concern in supplier selection. Economic sustainability, including cost-efficiency and supplier reliability, was highlighted in 50% of the studies (75 articles), reflecting the ongoing tension between sustainability goals and financial constraints. A significant finding was the frequent use of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) models like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy logic systems, referenced in 53% of the articles (80 studies), to systematically balance sustainability factors in supplier selection. The review also revealed regional disparities, with companies in Europe prioritizing environmental sustainability due to stricter regulations, while firms in developing regions like Asia and Latin America emphasized economic considerations. These findings underscore the importance of contextualizing sustainable supplier selection practices according to regional and sectoral dynamics, while also highlighting the need for more comprehensive frameworks that fully integrate social, environmental, and economic sustainability dimensions.